BRG1 (BRM-associated gene 1) is the core catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, encoded by the SMARCA4 gene and belonging to the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme family. By hydrolyzing ATP to provide energy, BRG1 regulates chromatin structural remodeling and nucleosome assembly and disassembly, and extensively participates in core biological processes including gene transcription activation and repression, cell cycle control, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair and tumor suppression. As a critical tumor suppressor, BRG1 loss, mutation or functional inactivation causes chromatin dysregulation and aberrant gene expression, driving malignant cell transformation. Its dysfunction is closely correlated with the occurrence, invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis of various tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer and liver cancer.