GSK3α (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3α) is a key kinase of the serine/threonine kinase family, widely expressed in human tissue cells. It coregulates glucose metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, inflammatory response and tumor signaling pathways. By phosphorylating multiple downstream substrate proteins, GSK3α regulates glycogen synthesis, cell cycle progression, inflammatory factor expression and stem cell homeostasis. Sustained abnormal activation of GSK3α disrupts glucose metabolic balance, promotes inflammatory pathway activation, abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance, and drives the progression of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors and other diseases. Functional inhibition of GSK3α alleviates pathological damage and inhibits malignant tumor proliferation.